Not to let this post be too long I have chosen just a few of the first paintings I photographed. I took this information from the book Great Modern Masters to explain about the term.
From Cezanne to Matisse to Van Gogh, each of these masters of modern painting has had an immeasurable influence on modern art, through the movements of Impressionism, Cubism and Fauvism as well as through their own individual styles.

A Monet Garden is always pretty.
Read about it here.

Read about it here.

In art we studied the finished painting and discussed what all was seen in it.
It says Seurat made 78 studies before finishing the final piece.
Read about it here.

I loved the more simple lines and colors.
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Vincent van Gogh
More here.

read about it.

Vincent van Gogh 1853 to 1890
More about it here.

Vincent Van Gogh
More about it here.

More information here.

More Information here.